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Volkswirtschaftslehre 2014
Verschiedene Interessenverbande machten für das Jahr 2013 folgende Vorschläge zur Verbesserung der wirtschaftspolitischen Situation:
a) Erhöhung der Staatsausgaben
b) Senkung der Unternehmenssteuern
c) Erhöhung der Nominallöhne um 10 %
d) Lohnzurückhaltung (nur Inflationsausgleich)
1.5.1 Geben Sie jeweils an, ob es sich bei den Vorschlägen a) bis d) um angebots- oder nachfrageorientierte Maßnahmen handelt.
1.5.2 Wirtschaftspolitische Zielvorgabe für das Jahr 2013 sei eine Steigerung des realen Bruttoinlandsprodukts um mindestens 2 %.
Entscheiden Sie sich begründet für einen der Vorschläge a) bis d). Skizzieren Sie dazu die beabsichtigte Wirkungskette. Berücksichtigen Sie auch die in der Tabelle aufge- führten konjunkturellen Eckdaten.
2 Read Evidence (4-1).
2.1 The article says that depending on which view is taken, the much higher U.S. unem- ployment rate at the end of 2010 compared to 2007 is due to either cyclical or structural factors.
Explain the causes and characteristics of cyclical and structural unemployment.
2.2 Appendix (4-2) shows the US. Beveridge Curve from January 2001 to August 2009.
2.2.1 – Label the axes.
– Describe which relationship is shown by a Beveridge Curve.
2.2.2 Using the information in evidence (4-1),
– plot and label a point in appendix (4-2) for the end of the year 2010 which would
support the argument that the increased unemployment at that time was purely
cyclical;
– plot and label a point in appendix (4-2) for the end of the year 2010 supporting the
argument that a significant share of the increased unemployment at that time was
structural.
– Give explanations for both points.
2.3 Give an example of a government policy to fight cyclical unemployment. Explain why this same policy would not be suited to fight structural unemployment.
2.4 Traditional, neo-classical economic theory tells us that if the minimum wage is set above the competitive, market-clearing wage, employment will fall.
However, in its 2013 ‘National Minimum Wage Report’, the UK Low Pay Commission concluded that the research in general finds no noteworthy negative impact of the UK minimum wage on employment.
Describe two reasons that may explain the commission’s conclusion.
2.5 Describe an example of social costs of unemployment that will also translate into negative economic externalities.
A4 2014 44 [ Inhaltsverzeichnis ] [ Lösung ]